Experimental and theoretical approaches were carried out to design and test multistage solar still. In the fourth topic area, the awardee will develop indepth analysis tools needed to improve solar thermal desalination. Another environmental impact is the fact that solar energy is used instead of gas, oil or electricity to desalinate seawater. A schematic diagram of typical basin type solar still is shown in figure 1. The structure that houses the process is known as a solar still and although the size, dimensions, materials, and configuration are. Sep 17, 2012 how to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. Ultr ahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized multistage solar still the mit faculty has made this article openly available. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Build and test a solarpowered device for desalinating water and investigate how the color of the bottom of the device affects its efficiency.
Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. A one square meter single slope solar water still with solar preheater system was designed and fabricated. In my opinion the current solar still designs are not a viable option for water procurement. Free of cost, nonpolluting, nonexhaustible solar energy is used to produce distilled water inside a solar still. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still. Simply fill a large bowl with salt water and set an empty glass at the center. Solar desalination projects will reduce the lcow by lowering the lcoh, which will result in more efficient desalination processes and lower overall capital and integration costs for solarthermal desalination. Like the natural hydrological cycle, the sun drives the process of purification. Many introduced developments, however, require complex components and entail notable increases in cost and land requirements. Single slope solar water still sultan qaboos university. An overview of solar thermal desalination technologies.
A classification of the solar still systems was made in order to explain. Solar distillation uses simple device called solar distillates in a process similar to the natural evaporation of water by sun heat. A solar still is an artificial water purifier that imitates the natural mechanism used by nature to purify water. A thermal model for predicting the performance of a solar still with. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of passive solar. Recently, floating structures for solar evaporation have been proposed, employing the concept of interfacial solar heat localization as a highefficiency approach to desalination. How to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. It involves the use of a large area solar collector, multi effect distillation and boiling at reduced pressure. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched. Solar energy desalination technology explains how to obtain clean water from sea water using solar energy. Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph. Malaeb2 3 1civil and environmental engineering, faculty of engineering and architecture, 4 american university of beirut, bliss street, beirut, lebanon.
Wshape solar still on concrete with two channel low cost lshape solar still by using wooden strips and aluminum channel l shape solar still was developed with plastic glazing on soil for distilled water output through single channel. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of passive solar desalination. Solar distillation systems have been found economically feasible in desalination of saline water. Special methods and types used in solar desalination are introduced, providing new thoughts, concepts, and feasible solutions in the desalination field, along with the thermal and economic efficiency relating to current technology. Therefore, there is a strong need to enhance the efficiency of a traditional single slope solar. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. The first known use of stills dates back to 1551 when it was used by arab alchemists. Performance study on solar still with enhanced condensation. One type of solar desalination unit is a solar still, it is also similar to a condensation trap. Solar distillation of water florida solar energy center.
Its principle of operation is the greenhouse effect. This paper describes a sustainable modification of the. It is also generally observed that the solar irradiance is at its peak during adversities famine related to water shortage thus making solar still a much viable desalination technology. Kasturi bai department of bioenergy, school of energy, environment and natural resources, madurai kamaraj university, madurai 625 021, tamil nadu, india tel. How can seawater from the oceans be turned into fresh water that is suitable for people to drink. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. Download pdf for issue a new paper entitled ultrahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized multistage solar still, by researchers from the massachusetts. Using a solar energy in water desalination system is regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve the problem of freshwater shortages in this world. The cntsfss is composed of a surface layer of cnts to absorb solar light, a thermal barrier layer of polyurethane sponge pus to avoid the heat transfer into the underneath bulk water, and a water transport channel of airlaid. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report.
Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination. The simple technology for direct desalination is by utilizing a solar still, where the heat collection and the distillation are achieved in the same. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. In fact, a solar still can turn salt water into fresh water in just a few days. Study into solarstill performance under sealed and unsealed. The heart of capillary still is a fabric woven or nonwoven which facilitates rapid evaporation of water at minimum heating. A solar still is a simple device primarily used to obtain potable water from salinebrackish water. Ultrahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized multistage solar still. The rig is built within the framework of investigations on the development and improvement of the static still, most important, the dynamic solar water desalination methods. Solar energy can be used either for seawater desalination by producing the thermal energy required to drive the phase change processes or by. The sun evaporates dirty water which is then cooled and collected in pure form. An overview of solar stills and capillary solar stills are discussed in this article. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation.
A solarstill is a simple device primarily used to obtain potable water from salinebrackish water. The operating principle the operating principle of a solar still used for water desalination involves phase change water avapor. Other scientists and naturalists used stills over the coming centuries including della porta 1589, lavoisier 1862, and. The experimental tests were conducted for five months in the city of kirkuk, north of iraq, at 43. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. Effect of glass inclination angle on solar still performance. It permits the separation of the water constituents into salts deposits and distilled water. In areas where a solar still or a transpiration bag would be needed such as arid desert regions, the water produced is not sufficient for long term survival. Application on the sea water desalination of fouka. Capillary still, desalination, solar still introduction.
The still consisted mainly of a base unit, made from galvanized steel, and a glass cover. However, the challenge remains to prevent salt accumulation while. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. Even when the watercone becomes old and tarnished, it can still be used to collect rain water, as a roof panel or container for other goods. Introduction many developing countries show an increasing interest to the sea water and brackish water desalination by solar distillation. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical. However, the challenge remains to prevent salt accumulation while simultaneously maintaining heat localization. The cntsfss is composed of a surface layer of cnts to absorb solar light, a thermal barrier layer of polyurethane sponge pus to avoid the heat transfer into the underneath bulk water, and a water transport channel. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Solar desalination is particularly wellsuited for backyard exper imentation by individuals with little or no technical training.
Solar and wind opportunities for water desalination in the arab regions, renewable sustainable. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Multi effect solar still mes has a stack of multiple layers for evaporation and condensation. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a water. It is also generally observed that the solar irradiance is at its peak during adversities famine related to water shortage thus making solarstill a much viable desalination technology. In this science project, you will make a solar desalination apparatus using readily available materials, and a power source that is free. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. Ultrahighefficiency desalination via a thermallylocalized. Abstractincreasing the productivity of solar stills has been the focus of intensive research. Developing a compact, productive, and easytooperate system is a main challenge. It is a simple and costeffective lowcarbon technology.
Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Solar still, simplest technology for solar desalination. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of. The major shift in design equipment was changing from a single large structure to modular structures designed and sized to facilitate mass. Solar stills consist of an airtight space, in which salt water evaporation and vapor condensation are performed simultaneously. Distillation desalination is one of mankinds earliest forms of water treatment, and it is still a popular treatment solution throughout the world today. Reducing salt water to its basic elements salt and water is so simple that its become a science lesson for firstgraders. Large scale solar desalination using multi effect humidification by alan williams, 2004 summary a theoretical proposal is outlined for large scale solar desalination using multi effect humidification. The bottom inner surface of the base unit is painted black. A solar still desalination system with enhanced productivity. Solar energy is available, free cost and nonextinguishing in nature. Simple, lowdose, durable, and carbonnanotubebased floating. In the third topic area, projects will develop integrated solar thermal desalination systems that can improve system efficiencies and reduce the levelized cost of water lcow.
They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunl. Malaeb2 3 1civil and environmental engineering, faculty of engineering and architecture, 4 american university of beirut, bliss street, beirut, lebanon 5 2 water desalination and reuse research center, king abdullah university of science and technology. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. Solar stills solar still is possibly the oldest method of desalination of water. A saltrejecting floating solar still for lowcost desalination. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Desalination 230 2008 5161 performance study on solar still with enhanced condensation k. The projects aim to make improvements to current stateoftheart and nearcommercial systems, produce repeatable results, and include. Study into solarstill performance under sealed and. The performance of a conventional solar distillation system can be predicted by various methods, such as computer simulation, periodic and transient analysis, iteration methods, and numerical methods. A water desalination test rig was built in kirkuk city comprising a threestage metallic stills coupled with a satellite solar collector.
The updated suns river solar still operated with nighttime recovery of distillate from heated cooling water resulting in regeneration of the next days cooling water. A transpiration bag is another option that would help supplement a water supply. Single slope still gave better performance 2 solar thermal desalination technologies the existing solar thermal desalination technologies are described and discussed below. A solar still distills water using energy from the sun. Were here to help you navigate stem learning at home while schools are closed due to covid19. How much water can the device produce, and is it still salty at all. A simple, lowdose, durable, and carbon nanotubebased floating solar still cntsfss has been prepared for seawater desalination based on interfacial solar heating. Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. Solar distillation is the use of solar energy to evaporate water and collect its condensate within the same closed system. Unlike other forms of water purification it can turn salt or brackish water into fresh drinking water i. In ancient times, many civilizations used this process on their ships to convert sea water into drinking water. That activity conducted preliminary testing of the suns river solar desalination process and identified several areas for further exploration and testing. Passive vapor generation systems with interfacial solar heat localization enable highefficiency lowcost desalination. Pdf solar still desalination uses a sustainable and pollutionfree source to produce highquality water.
Around 97% of the water in the world is in the oceans, approximately. The latent heat dissipated during condensation at the front layers are repeatedly recycled for evaporation at the back layers to increase overall desalination productivity. Despite of high efficiency and long history, mes has not been widely used yet, because of relative high cost. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of. Solar stills are the most widely analyzed desalination systems. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. Productivity enhancement of solar still with pv powered heating. These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. A new type of seawater desalination plants using solar energy. Comparative cost of compact nature of solar stills like single slope, double slope and wick type solar. Solar still background solar distillation is a tried and true technology.
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